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Project:Amanda Enterprise 3.6 > ZMC Users Manual > Backup What

Backup What

1. ZMC Backup What page
1. 1.1. Selecting What to Back Up
2. 1.2. Managing Backup Objects
3. 1.3. Exclude Specifications
  1. 1.3.1. Linux/Solaris/Mac OS X filesystems - GNU tar (default)
  2. 1.3.2. Windows filesystems - Zmanda Windows Client
  3. 1.3.3. Reasons to Exclude Files
4. 1.4. Compression and Encryption
  1. 1.4.1. Data Compression
  2. 1.4.2. Data Encryption
    1. 1.4.2.1. Linux/Solaris/Mac clients
    2. 1.4.2.2. Windows clients
5. 1.5. Advanced Options
6. 1.6. List of the backup objects in the backup set

ZMC Backup What page

The Backup What page specifies what is to be backed up: what clients, and what directories (or applications) on each client. ZMC can back up the whole network or a portion thereof, all from one central server.

To organize the backup in an efficient manner, ZMC divides the Enterprise into backup sets, and sub-divides each backup set into Host/Directory pairs called Disk List Entries (DLEs). The DLEs can also specify directories and files to be excluded from the backup. Encryption and compression options can also be applied at the DLE level.

Warning: You should not change backup set parameters while a backup run for that set is in progress. You can check the status of backup runs for a backup set by going to the Monitor page.

The top portion of the of the page lets you create and edit backup objects, which define the file system, database(s), or applications you intend to back up. After you select a type from one of the dropdown menus (or select an existing object from the list at the bottom of the page), appropriate options for that backup object are displayed:

BackupWhat-Applications-3.1.png

Selecting What to Back Up

Supported object types include the following. All objects are licensed. Note that the ZMC indicates how many licenses have been purchased and how many remain available for those object types that require licensing. Application Agents are described in more specific detail here.


Network/ CIFS File System

Lets you select a Common Internet File System by hostname, share name, and domain (you will need the username and password to access the share). For further details on CIFS backups, see "Backing Up and Restoring Common Internet Filesystem Shares."

NDMP
Lets you perform a backup of NDMP appliances/filers using NDMPv4 protocol. Netapp filers, Sun Unified Storage and BlueArc Titan Storage are supported. For further details on NDMP backups, see "NDMP appliances".

Click the Add button at the bottom of the page to create a new entry, or select an entry from the table to edit. You can also duplicate an existing entry (see below) and then edit the entry before using the Add button to add it to the table of backup objects..

BackupWhat-Filessystems-3.1.png

Managing Backup Objects

Objects to be backed up (also known as "Disk List Entries" or "DLEs" in Amanda Community Edition) are listed in the table at the bottom of the page.

Object Type

Object Type can be any of the object types described in the section above.

File System Options

The options for backing up file systems are essentially the same regardless of platform. Options pertaining to other object types are discussed in relevant sections of the Zmanda Application Agents Guide

Hostname

Specify or select a hostname (or IP address) to back up. Note that a backup set cannot include duplicate objects (a.k.a. DLEs); if you attempt to add host/directory combination that already exists in the backup set, an error is displayed. For purposes of host and pathname collision detection, the characters:, \, and / are considered the same by the ZMC.

Directory/ Path

Specify a directory on the currently selected host to back up. Unless excluded (see below), all directories/ files below this directory are recursively included in the backup. There is a limit of 255 characters for a directory name. Note that Amanda will not cross file system boundaries when completing backups on Linux filesystems. For example, if \ is specified as the directory to back up, \tmp will not be included in the backup if it resides on a separate file system. Solaris filesystems backup will cross filesystem boundaries. So it is important to exclude network directories (such as NFS or CIFS mounted directories).

Exclude Files

Lists Files to be excluded from the backup. Space-separated, quoted shell/tar glob expressions (i.e. * and ? wildcards) are allowed to specify multiple files and paths. See Exclude Specifications for more details. For example: If you are backing up the root file system in Solaris, you can exclude

"./platform" "./system" "./proc" "./tmp" "./dev" directories/file systems.

Encryption & Compression Options

Lists Encryption and Compression choices. Encryption and Compression of data are described here.

Host Check

Shows the verification status of the object. Adding an object triggers a verification of the Amanda client/directory combination. Depending on the result of the last verification, the icon will change to a red stop sign (error), a dash (meaning the entry has not yet been checked), or green check mark (all systems go). You can also check all of the entries at once by clicking the Check All Hosts button at the bottom of the page. The message box displays the status of the Check All Hosts process: when the check is completed, and whether any errors were found.

Add

Clicking this adds any backup set changes to the server.

If any of the backup objects (also known as disk list entries) have a status other than the green checkmark, a confirmation dialog is displayed. This allows you to cancel committing entries that may have problems (or may not have been checked yet). If you commit changes that have errors or that are unverified, you must be sure to verify the problem objects and correct any problems, or else backup failure may result.

Exclude Specifications

Excluding files can optimize the performance of the backup set, especially one that would otherwise back up an entire host from the root directory down.

Exclude specifications depend on the object type. The patterns supported are different for Linux/Solaris/Mac OS X and Windows. Please see the next two sections for the details.

Linux/Solaris/Mac OS X filesystems - GNU tar (default)

The Linux/Solaris/Mac OS X filesystems use the GNU-tar utility (unless extended attribute backup is enabled), which supports exclude patterns. If a backup of extended attributes is enabled (schily tar is used), exclude pattern cannot be specified.

The ZMC can accept one or more explicit pathnames or wildcard patterns per backup object/disk list entry, separated by a space. Some simple examples for GNU tar, Windows clients and Schily tar below.

GNU tar

You can explicitly exclude any file or directory by pathname. For example, it is recommended that you avoid backing up staging areas for backup sets, so if you are backing up a root directory (/) that includes staging area /var/lib/amanda/staging/, the exclude specification would be
./var/lib/amanda/staging. If the backup object/DLE is set to back up /var, the exclude specification would be ./lib/amanda/staging. The pathname in exclude specification should be relative to the DLE directory.
To exclude any file or directory that ends in ".log" e.g. ppp.log, and Xfree86.0.log, specify *.log
To exclude any file or directory with the string "log" e.g. logfile, maillog, syslog, and ppp.log,XFree86.0.log, specify *log*
To exclude any file or directory that starts with string "cron" and ends in ".gz" e.g. cron.1.gz, cron.2.gz, and log/cron.1.gz, specify *cron*.gz
The question mark can be used to specify a single character. e.g. to exclude log.1 and log.2, specify log.?
Multiple patterns are allowed, separated by spaces. For example, specifying following would exclude this.doc, that.doc, and everythingelse.doc, and would also exclude the Misc Files directory. The string must be quoted if it includes spaces (such as "Misc Files").

"./*.doc" "./Misc Files"

Use the backslash to escape any double-quote characters included in the file or pathname itself. For example, specifying "*.sh" "foo bar" "some\"quote" excludes *.sh, foo bar, and some"quote.
The ZMC will save the exclude pattern in a standard format that includes explicit quotes (and escapes any characters that require it). For example, if you specify:

exclude  "*.doc"  *.txt

is saved as

exclude  "*.doc"  "*.txt"

Shadowed excludes are automatically deleted whenever the user saves any edit to the backup object/DLE. Thus a backup object containing an exclude list of:

exclude "*.doc"
exclude "*.txt"

will show only "*.txt" in the Exclude form field, and the first exclude ("*.doc") is removed from the backup object when any edits are saved.
Although exclude patterns are case sensitive (except for Windows; see the next bullet item), the Amanda Enterprise catalog displays all pathnames in lowercase (even though it restores the original case). Because of this, it will appear that files you intended to exclude are being included in the backup because there were duplicate names with different cases included in the backup.

Schily tar

The format should be just the name of the directory or file in the first level directory (of the directory being backed up) with no leading or trailing slashes, dots, etc. To exclude /path/to/top-level/foo/ from a backup of /path/to/top-level/, "foo" should be specified. This will only match "foo" in the first level directory and thus does not match "foo" anywhere else in the directory tree. Thus, there is no way to just exclude /path/to/top-level/foo/a because this is a second level down.
Globbing characters and simple regex, for instance [A-Z], * character can be used to match files and directories in the first level.

Windows filesystems - Zmanda Windows Client

Windows filesystems support wildcards in the exclude specification. Wildcards "*" (match one or more character) and "?" (match exactly one character) are supported. The pathname in excludes specification can be absolute or relative to the DLE directory. For example: We are backing up C:\Data directory. We would like to exclude all files with *.jpg extension. The exclude specification should be "*.jpg". You can specify the directory name with the exclude pattern. For example: To exclude *.exe from C:\Data\Test and C:\Data is being backed up, specify "Test\\*.exe", To exclude a folder, specify "C:\users\all users\".

The list of patterns in the exclude specification for Windows file systems should be separated by a space character.

When specifying exclude patterns for Windows clients, pathnames are case-insensitive. The ./ or .\characters do not work.

Reasons to Exclude Files

There are a number of different reasons to exclude files from a backup set.

You do not want the excluded data to be part of any backup set. Such data tends to be quite small in quantity and does not save much.
You want to exclude the data from Compression or Encryption options, saving CPU cycles, network bandwidth, and total time to run backups.
Lastly, if the data on the host is organized in such a manner that implementing multiple top-level directories in different disk lists makes no sense, exclude lists may allow users to organize the backup with the possibility of faster restore for some files. The files would be excluded from the general backup and kept in separate backup object/DLE(s).

Compression and Encryption

This section describes the compression and encryption options common to most of the backup object types.

Data Compression

ZMC compresses the data on the Amanda server or client. Amanda client compression resulting in more efficient use of bandwidth when the backup image is sent to the server. ZMC supports compression using gzip, which creates archives that can be extracted almost universal. Compression levels - fast, best, and custom can be specified. The fast compression provides smaller backup window. The best compression likely provides a smaller backup sizes. The custom compression provides user an option to specify different compression command. Most common custom compression program used is /bin/pigz - this compression command provides faster, parallel compression that uses multi-core CPUs better.

Many Tape drives have built-in hardware compression. There are many advantages in allowing such hardware to handle the compression task.

TIP: Devices that use a proprietary compression can fail or otherwise becomes unusable, presenting difficulties in restoring from backups that were written to it. For images and other pre-compressed files, do not consume the backup window by pointlessly re-compressing them.

Data Encryption

Backup data should be secured as carefully as you would protect the live version. Encrypting backup data adds a layer of protection against misuse.

Backup encryption can be performed on the server or on the client. It is important to store encryption key passphrases and certificates securely. Backups cannot be retrieved if the passphrase files or certificates are lost.

Encryption passphrase or keys must be provided during the restore process for the backup images to be decrypted. Amanda Enterprise does not provide encryption key management. Customers should make sure the encryption keys are backed up.

Note: Encryption is a CPU intensive task. Enable it with care.

Linux/Solaris/Mac clients

ZMC encrypts the data on the Amanda server and Linux/Solaris clients using the amcryptsimple(8) program, which uses Gnu Privacy Guard (GPG) to perform symmetric data encryption.

Encryption passphrases are stored in the amandabackup user directory on the server. It is important to keep the encryption passphrases (default passphrase - /var/lib/amanda/.am_passphrase) safely and securely. The data cannot be restored without the passphrase. It is important to backup the passphrases on a regular basis by adding /var/lib/amanda directory as an Amanda DLE without enabling encryption for that DLE. Also, keep a backup of the passphrase in another secure location (for example: printed hardcopy).

ZMC uses encryption passphrase from the Amanda server to do restoration of Linux/Solaris/Mac encrypted backup images. You should copy the appropriate encryption passphrase file to the Amanda server - /var/lib/amanda/.am_passphrase (Linux/Mac) or /opt/zmanda/amanda/amanda/.am_passphrase (Solaris) before doing restoration of client encrypted backups using ZMC.

You can use the command line tool - amrecover running on the Amanda client to restore client encrypted backups. The command line tool uses the encryption passphrase from the Amanda client to decrypt client encrypted backup images.

Windows clients

Backup encryption on Windows client is performed using AES encryption keys. Please see Windows Client manual for more details.

Advanced Options

This section describes all of the possible Advanced Options that may be displayed for any of the object types. Some of these options may not apply (or be displayed in the dialog) depending on the type of backup being configured.

Estimate

Selects the method used for estimating the backup window. You can choose from a number of options that balance the requirements of accuracy vs. speed. The "fastest" method can be accurate enough if the backup source remains relatively constant in size; the "Always Accurate" option may be too slow given the backup window, or may not be available from the given backup client. Options not supported for a given backup client are grayed out so that you cannot select them.

Alias

Alternate name can be provided for the backup object. This is useful when you are backing up the same file system with different exclude lists. You may have to do this to divide a large filesystem into multiple backup objects.

Client Max Backups

The maximum number of backup threads on the client. This is usually specified for each host. Specifying large value may not decrease the backup window because the backup client may not able run multiple threads. For example: Client compression can become the CPU bottleneck for multiple backup threads on the client.

Strategy

You can specify the backup level restrictions for the backup object such as perform only full backups, perform only incremental backup. You can also skip backup of backup object using this field.

Disable Staging

Some backup objects such as NDMP backups do not support Staging Area. They can be disabled on a backup object basis using this field.

Amanda Backup Client Application

Amanda can perform backup of objects using multiple applications. There is a default application for each backup object. You can use different backup application for Linux, Solaris file systems and Oracle.

The override field should be used only when Zmanda Support instructs you to do so. This field is usually used for custom applications.

List of the backup objects in the backup set

The list of backup objects are configured in the backup set can be seen in a table.

BackupWhat-List-3.1.png

If you have skipped the backup of an object, it will appear in yellow color as shown above. If you delete a DLE, it will appear in the list of backup objects with ~~strike through~~ in the list of backup objects.

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